2024 № 4 (51)
Boris Zingerman. Letters to the Teachers (Publication, Introductory Article and Comments)
UDC 792
LBC 85.33
DOI: 10.51678/2226-0072-2024-4-312-331
For cit.: Ivanov V.V. Boris Zingerman. Letters to the Teachers (Publication, Introductory Article and Comments). Hudozhestvennaya kul’tura [Art & Culture Studies], 2024, no. 4, pp. 312–331. https://doi.org/10.51678/2226‐0072‐2024‐4‐312‐331. (In Russian)
Ivanov Vladislav V.
D. Sc. (in Art History), Head of the Theater Sector, State Institute for Art Studies, 5 Kozitsky Lane, Moscow, 125375, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-7519
Boris Zingerman. Letters to the Teachers (Publication, Introductory Article and Comments)
Abstract. The letters of Boris Zingerman (1928–2000) to the older generation of theatre critics, Grigory Boyadzhiev (1909–1974) and Boris Alpers (1894–1974), were written at different times and on different occasions. What unites the two letters is that they were addressed to Zingerman’s teachers at the State Institute of Theatre Arts (GITIS), where he studied at the theatre studies department (1945–1950) and then did a postgraduate course (1950–1954). However, he had not only happy memories of those times. The end of the ‘luxurious hothouse’, as Zingerman saw GITIS, came after the editorial article in the Pravda newspaper of January 28, 1949 entitled “On One Anti-patriotic Group of Theatre Critics”. In February 1949, a two-day meeting of the GITIS Academic Council was held, where Vs.N. Vsevolodsky-Gerngross, B.V. Alpers, N.M. Tarabukin, S.S. Mokulsky, G.N. Boyadzhiev, and S.S. Danilov were exposed as ‘enemies of the Soviet culture’.
Students and postgraduates were then forced to attend the civil execution of the teachers. Some were frightened by it, others used it to advance in their careers. Yet others formed the generation of the sixties: B.I. Zingerman, V.M. Gaevsky, I.N. Solovieva, N.A. Krymova, Yu.S. Rybakov, M.I. Turovskaya, N.M. Zorkaya, T.I. Bachelis, and K.L. Rudnitsky. The memory of 1949 remained with them forever, having become a ‘family trauma’. The plots of professional theatre studies are combined with existential plots, personal biographies merge in a common historical destiny. The latter testifies to the survival of thought and talent, capable of straightening out with the slightest weakening of external oppression.
Keywords: Boris Zingerman, Grigory Boyadzhiev, Boris Alpers, letters, GITIS, theater studies department, teachers, 1949, ‘struggle against cosmopolitanism’, generation of the sixties
Sources:
Boyadzhiev G.N. Avtobiografiya: Avtograf: B. d. [Autobiography: Autograph: N. d.]. Arkhiv GII [Archive of the State Institute for Art Studies], Personal file of G.N. Boyadzhiev, l. 10. (In Russian)
Boyadzhiev G.N. Tetrad’ s dnevnikovymi zapisyami: 10 iyulya 1949 — 18 maya 1958 [Notebook with Diary Entries: 1949, July 10, — 1958, May 18]. RGALI [Russian State Archive of Literature and Art], f. 3019 (Boyadzhiev), inv. 1, storage unit 95, ll. 6, 7, 8, 11. (In Russian)
B.I. Zingerman — G.N. Boyadzhievu: 2 avgusta 1956: Avtograf [B.I. Zingerman — to G.N. Boyadzhiev: 1956, August 02: Autograph]. RGALI [Russian State Archive of Literature and Art], f. 3019 (Boyadzhiev), inv. 1, storage unit 268, ll. 5–10. (In Russian)
B.I. Zingerman — B.V. Alpersu: 28 maya 1969: Podpis. mash. tekst [B.I. Zingerman — to B.V. Alpers: 1969, May 28: Signed Typewritten Text]. RGALI [Russian State Archive of Literature and Art], f. 3048 (Alpers), inv. 1, storage unit 225, ll. 1–3. (In Russian)
Lichnoe delo B.V. Alpersa: Zaverennaya mash. kopiya [Personal file of B.V. Alpers: Certified Typewritten Copy]. RGALI [Russian State Archive of Literature and Art], f. 650 (GITIS), inv. 6, storage unit 20, ll. 34, 35. (In Russian)
References:
Boyadzhiev G.N. V.P. Maretskaya: Tvorcheskii put’ aktrisy [V.P. Maretskaya: The Creative Path of an Actress]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1954. 240 p. (In Russian)
Boyadzhiev G. Eduardo De Filippo and ego geroi [Eduardo De Filippo and His Heroes]. Teatr, 1957, no. 2, pp. 58–72. (In Russian)
Boyadzhiev G.N. Mol’yer: istoricheskiye puti formirovaniya zhanra vysokoi komedii [Moliere: Historical Paths of Formation of the Genre of High Comedy]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1967. 556 p. (In Russian)
Gaevsky V.M. Kniga rasstavanii: Zametki o krititkakh i spektaklyakh [The Book of Breakups: Notes on Critics and Performances]. Moscow, RGGU Publ., 2007. 287 p. (In Russian)
Dzhivelegov A.K., Boyadzhiev G.N. Istoriya zapadnoevropeiskogo teatra: Ot vozniknoveniya do 1789 goda: Uchebnik dlya teatral’nykh institutov [History of Western European Theatre: From Its Origin to 1789: Textbook for Theater Institutes]. Moscow, Leningrad, Iskusstvo Publ., 1941. 617 p. (In Russian)
Zingerman B. Foma Gordeev i drugie [Foma Gordeev and Others]. Teatr, 1956, no. 6, pp. 83–93. (In Russian)
Zingerman B. Shekspir i sovremennyi teatr: So Vsesoyuznoi shekspirovskoi konferentsii [Shakespeare and the Modern Theater: From the All-Union Shakespeare Conference]. Teatr, 1956, no. 7, pp. 117–126. (In Russian)
Zingerman B. Shkola Gor’kogo [Gorky’s School]. Teatr, 1957, no. 8, pp. 29–49. (In Russian)
Zingerman B. Zhan Vilar i drugie [Jean Vilar et al]. Moscow, VTO Publ, 1964. 244 p. (In Russian)
Zingerman B.I. Ocherki istorii dramy 20 veka: Chekhov, Strindberg, Ibsen, Meterlink, Pirandello, Brekht, Gauptman, Lorka, Anuy [Essays on the History of the 20th Century Drama: Chekhov, Strindberg, Ibsen, Maeterlinck, Pirandello, Brecht, Hauptmann, Lorca, Anouilh]. Moscow, Nauka Publ, 1979. 392 p. (In Russian)
Zingerman B. Pervyi uchitel’ [The First Teacher]. Teatr, 1979, no. 2, pp. 25–26. (In Russian)
Zingerman B. Uchenyi-novator [ Scientist-Innovator]. Teatr, 1984, no. 9, pp. 101–102. (In Russian)
Zingerman B.I. Teatr Chekhova i ego mirovoye znachenie [Chekhov’s Theater and Its Global Significance]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. 384 p. (In Russian)
Zingerman B. O Dzhivelegove [About Dzhivelegov]. Teatr, 1992, no. 8. pp. 130–140. (In Russian)
Istoriya zapadnoevropeyskogo teatra: Uchebnoe posobie [History of Western European Theatre: Textbook], ed. S.S. Mokulsky. Vol. 1. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1956. 751 p. (In Russian)
K realisticheskomu iskusstvu! [Towards Realistic Art!]. Pravda, 1947, no. 208, August 11, p. 1. (In Russian)
Kunina E. O vstrechakh s Borisom Pasternakom [On Meetings with Boris Pasternak]. Vospominaniya o Borise Pasternake [Memories of Boris Pasternak], comp. E.B. Pasternak, M.I. Freinberg. Moscow, Slovo Publ., 1993, p. 106–118. (In Russian)
Ob odnoi anti-patrioticheskoi gruppe teatral’nykh kritikov [On One Anti-Patriotic Group of Theatre Critics]. Pravda, 1949, no. 28, January 28, p. 3. (In Russian)
Tam, gde orudovali idealisty i kosmopolity: o vospitanii teatral’nogo studenchestva v GITISe [Where Idealists and Cosmopolitans Operated: On the Education of Theater Students at GITIS]. Sovetskoe iskusstvo, 1949, no. 8, February 19, p. 4. (In Russian)
N.M. Tarabukin o V.E. Meyerkhol’de [N.M. Tarabukin on V.E. Meyerhold], prep. O.M. Feldman and V.A. Shcherbakov, intr. article B.I. Zingerman. Moscow, O.G.I. Publ., 1998. 110 p. (In Russian)
Triolet E. Jan-Lui Barro [Jean-Louis Barrault]. Teatr, 1956, no. 4, pp. 149–154. (In Russian)
Triolet E. Jan Vilar [Jean Vilar]. Teatr, 1956, no. 9, pp. 122–129. (In Russian)
“…Cherez nesovershennoe nashe iskusstvo postich’ ‘dukh vremeni’”: Iz pisem B.I. Zingermana S.K. Bushuevoi (1975–1995) [“...To Comprehend the ‘Spirit of the Times’ through Our Imperfect Art”: From the Letters of B.I. Zingerman to S.K. Bushueva (1975–1995)], publ., intr. article and com. V.V. Ivanov and M.V. Khalizeva. Mnemozina: Dokumenty i fakty iz istorii otechestvennogo teatra XX veka [Mnemosyne: Documents and Facts from the History of Russian Theater of the 20th Century]. Issue 9, ed.-comp. V.V. Ivanov. Moscow, Artist. Rezhisser. Teatr Publ., 2024, pp. 284–409. (In Russian)
Efros A.M. Profili [Profiles]. Moscow, Federatsiya Publ, 1930. 311 p. (In Russian)
Received 04.09.2024
Accepted 17.10.2024
